Essay John Kenneth Galbraith - 1144 Words

John Kenneth Galbraith, born on October 15, 1908, was one of American’s more influential economists, longtime Harvard professor, and a U.S. ambassador to India, an author, an economist, and â€Å"used caustic wit and an iconoclastic temperament to help set the foundation of modern economic thinking† (http://www.csmonitor.com). He, along with another famous economist, and longtime rival, Milton Friedman, believed that everyone has an idea, and that every idea matters, and were masters of the debates and are both very smart people, however, Dr. Galbraith was more to the progressive tradition, and his work was never really accepted, and criticized. Yet through the presidency of John F. Kennedy, he was a trusted adviser, and the author of more†¦show more content†¦Through 1937 to 1938, he was had postgraduate work at Princeton university, and in the same year, 1937, he became an American citizen and married Catherine Atwater. In 1938, he traveled to Europe for sev eral months, were he developed his ideas of economic standings while attending the international economic conference. In 1930, Galbraith was appointed as the assistant professor of economics at Princeton; while in 1940 to 1941 becoming the economic adviser to the National defense advisory Commissions. His later economic overview During World War II, the United States were still feeling the effects of the great depression, and wartime productions, deficits and accommodating monetary policy, and runaway wage prices seemed to be a reality, Dr. Galbraith joined first as an assistant administrator, than later as a department administrator, in charge of price division in the Office of price administration in 1941 through 1943, in hopes to keeping inflation from crippling the war effort. Upon retiring in 1943, he became a member, and the board of editors, to fortune magazines, and directed the U.S. strategic bombing survey which was a way to assess the results of the bombardment the U.S. did over Nazi Germany at the time, in which Galbraith came to the conclusion that general ineffectiveness of strategic bombing trying toShow MoreRelatedJohn Kenneth Galbraith : Written Profile827 Words   |  4 PagesJillian Baggao Marsha Economics John Kenneth Galbraith - Written Profile John Kenneth Galbraith known as the most influential economists in the 20th century who wrote many bestselling books regarding economics, but also wrote books about art history, memoirs and novels. Galbraith was born in Canada and moved to the United States in the 1930s. He earned his Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics at the University of California in Berkeley One of his major bestselling economic books, â€Å"The Affluent Society†Read MorePoverty, By John Kenneth Galbraith1775 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty is a huge issue which never seems to ever go away or be fixed. There are many options as to what can be done to eliminate poverty but, not all options please everyone. John Kenneth Galbraith in his essay â€Å"The Position of Poverty† argues that â€Å"to eliminate poverty, we must invest more than proportionately in the children of the poor community (Jacobus). Money has been a very important tool that has divided the world and given humans labels as wealthy or poor. The wealthy seem to have workedRead MoreConventional Wisdom, By John Kenneth Galbraith1119 Words   |  5 Pages John Kenneth Galbraith, created the phrase â€Å"conventional wisdom†, and found that social and economic behaviors prove to be complex. The passage uses an example of the homeless in 1980s in the U.S. A spokesperson for the benefits of th e homeless states that there were around 3 million homeless in the U.S. The American public found that this was absurd, since this meant that 1 in every 100 people was homeless. However, it was found that he made up those amounts. Another example of this so called conventionalRead MoreThe Great Depression By John Kenneth Galbraith829 Words   |  4 Pagestopic for historians and economists. There has been much debate, and no agreement has been reached. In the mid-20th century, John Kenneth Galbraith published one of his bestsellers, the Great Crash, 1929. In less than 200 pages, the book vividly recounts the history of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, covering the lead-up, actual occurrence, and aftermath. Professor Galbraith, with his witty prose, keen insights, and crisp narration, argues that the blind optimism and excessive speculation kept up theRead MoreThe Dependence Effect1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreasonable statement or argument. Prestige-admiration for someone or something based on the quality. Repugnant-something unacceptable or disgusting. B) 1. The text was written by John Kenneth Galbraith a Canadian born economist and proponent of American Liberalism. Credence should be given to John Kenneth Galbraith because he had several best seller books from the 1950s through 2000 and he was also a professor of economics at Harvard University, a very prestigious university for over 50 years.Read MoreConsumerism in Post World War II Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The American economy in the 1950s is simply defined by increased output and increased demand. The primary economist of the 1950s was John Kenneth Galbraith. According to Galbraith’s The Affluent Society, the economy’s production proliferation in the 1950s created consumerism, forming a beneficial relationship that would serve each others’ needs. Galbraith states that the drive for economic security motivated corporations to increase production. Men seek to extinguish insecurity and establishRead MoreEssay on Advertising Age 2266 Words   |  10 PagesProduction is expanding with high speed due to the same reason. This essay will discuss the basic aim of advertising – to convince customers they not only need but also want a certain product – by comparing and contrasting the opinions of John Kenneth Galbraith, a noted scholar, and F.A. Hayek, a professor and Nobel Laureate in Economics. Advertising nowadays is a powerful phenomenon; far more powerful than several years ago when social networks and the internet were not a part of everyone’s dailyRead MoreIs Advertising Creating Artificial Needs?2662 Words   |  11 Pagessatisfied. However John Kenneth Galbraith, a well-known economist who defends anti-consumerism, says that everything people want beyond their basic needs is neither â€Å"urgent†, nor â€Å"important†. But addressing Abraham Harold Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, in order to live normally, human beings require more than just to satisfying the â€Å"physiological†, because people have inborn need for â€Å"safety†, â€Å"love†, â€Å"belongingness†, â€Å"esteem†, and â€Å"self-actualization† needs. Considering that a truth Galbraith is not rightRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship921 Words   |  4 Pagestaught, I wouldnt have started Teach for America. The bottom line in summarizing this analysis of social entrepreneurs is that they recognize a social problem and use their entrepreneurial principles to achieve social change. 3 As John Kenneth Galbraith said, â€Å"All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership. This isRead MoreThe Simulation Project3665 Words   |  15 Pagessimilar is their â€Å"open door† policy in the work place, managers are accessible at all levels and this makes it very familiar. The two economic theories that will be compared and contrasted are Walt Whitman Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth and John Kenneth Galbraith Equilibrium of Poverty for the domestic and gloabal economic environments identified above for US Airways Group. The US has a mixed economic environment and is classified as a first world country. The reason the US does not fit into one specific

Importance Of Critical Thinking In Higher Education

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Critical Thinking In Higher Education. Answer: Introduction (Liu et al., 2014) describes Critical thinking is the intellectual disciplines process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing or evaluating information gathered from or generated by observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action This essay shows one of the most important skills considered to be an essential for higher education. () The article Assessing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Current state and Direction For Next Generation gives an insight of a qualitative analysis which talks about how critical thinking plays an important role in higher education. The present study aims at assessing whether the interactive educational models are effective or not. This essay gives an outline about how critical thinking is required in order to enlarge and widen the horizon of a student. It will arguable describe the main requirements of the desired outcomes. This essay will also analyze about the concept critical thinking and will evaluate and analyze that how lack of understanding makes them suffer in the future. This essay will also give a framework of how critical thinking can be categorized into skills, knowledge, attitudes, values and ethics. However in order to understand in a more elaborated of issue, there is a need of obtaining from an insiders view point, therefore it will discuss about the positive points of critical thinking. The Nature of Critical Thinking Critical thinking denotes a general idea of what it demands, but it stays as a concept over which there a lot of arguments and uncertainties about what it include and how will it manifest further. However in a wider term critical thinking is knows as a cognitive skill that is related to rational judgment for an individual. Critical thinking brings the frameworks reviewed in the Markle et al., (2013). The engagement of the student is broadly recognized as an important influence on learning and achievement in higher education and is being widely researched and theorized. (Kahu, 2013) recently suggests that the hope to review existing assessment in light of the construct representation, item format and validity evidence will benefit higher education institution as they choose among available assessments. This method of critical thinking has gained widespread attention as recognition of the of higher education outcomes assessment has increased. (Fayolle, 2013) the percentage of higher ed ucation institution using an external measure of the outcomes of student learning has increased. There is several other research framework of critical thinking as discussed by (Moore, 2013). These kinds of depositions, which is either seen as habits or attitudes, involves inquisitiveness, fair mindedness, a desire to be well informed, flexibility and a respect towards different point of views. Behavioral Perspective Teaching practice and student behavior is given the most emphasis in the higher education the lack of critical thinking causes great loss in colleges and further studies. Critical thinking, which is also known logical thinking, should be ingrained in a person from their childhood (McPeck, 2016). The value of reasoning and logic in any form of study or general behavior should be present in each and every human being. Otherwise they will learn to follow things blindly which will end them nowhere. The engagement of the student is seen as an evolving construct from an early age, it captures a range of institutional practice and the behavior of student with respect to the to the students achievement and satisfaction, including social teaching practice social and academic integration and to work on time (Goetsch, Davis, 2014). Critical thinking helps a person to learn actively, helps them to compete with the academic challenge, more importantly it helps them to think more profusely which helps them to produce better results in exam. Pragmatic research suggests that people who develops critical thinking competency at a very young age. All people can taught to think critically, however especially in higher education it is even more important. At time there are students who do not develop critical thinking which creates a problem for them in future. Multiple theme of Assessments Interest in seeking the perception from both students and academics was highlighted by the disparity on measures of active learning, work related learning and interaction between these associates in a large scale. There are two aspect of critical thinking, general and domain. There is an importance of giving an argument in the academic writing; there is still a lack of understanding in students of the implementation or misconception. () States that in a prior study the majority of the students felt that argumentation means presenting their original opinions and views. There is a severe need of originality, each individual is unique and they have their own thoughts which has to be enhanced and therefore it is important think critically and not what the tutors spoon feed the, there is another famous misconception is that the argument is manifested only through an adversarial stance in writing. However (Fairclough, 2014) explains that every argument should be sensitive and connect with different point of views, where he evaluates the thought rather than criticizing the cause and therefore incorporating those claims which are closest to their own position (Evans, 2013). There are many reasons why critical thinking is important. In todays technological world, most of the learnings and information is taken from the computer and mobile. It has become a computer- mediate world, where people blindly believe sources like Google and all the various other information given there. ICT is introduced in most of the schools these days and therefore from a very young age students blindly follows it. This also hampers there critical thinking as this block their thought process and makes them completely dependent on the technology. Conceptual Framework Critical thinking is normally generalized and it makes the students as stereotypical members of the society as stated by (Chan, 2013). However By understanding the difficult array of factors influencing a students engagement and by embedding these phenomena and process within the wider socio-culture context, and the uniqueness of an individuals experience becomes more clearly and therefore then the need of in depth knowledge or study of an individual student arises. Even though this essay talks about the importance of critical thinking in higher education, however this wideness or in depth thinking arises because of few factors i.e. the structural factor, psycho-socio influences, socio cultural context and the distal and proximal consequences. Conclusion The aim of this essay was to show the importance of critical thinking in higher education from different point of view and to provide with ideas from authors and from the articles to understand the importance of it. The evaluation of this essay has been done secondarily mostly. The essay talks about various numbers of factors such as analysis, reasoning, evaluation and argumentation. These factors differs along with their individual dimension, however with this essay the seriousness of critical thinking has been understood. The depth of the cause has been perfectly evaluated in this essay. This essay found that irrespective of levels, every individual has the power and ability to think critically however this power should be sharpened and enhanced with activities. References: Chan, Z. C. (2013). A systematic review of critical thinking in nursing education.Nurse Education Today,33(3), 236-240. Evans, C. (2013). Making sense of assessment feedback in higher education.Review of educational research,83(1), 70-120. Fairclough, N. (2014).Critical language awareness. Routledge. Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education.EntrepreneurshipManagement Regional Development,25(7-8), 692-701. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education.Studies in higher education,38(5), 758-773. Lea, M. R., Street, B. (2014). understanding textual practices in higher education.Writing: Texts, processes and practices, 62. Liu, O. L., Frankel, L., Roohr, K. C. (2014). Assessing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Current State and Directions for Next?Generation Assessment.ETS Research Report Series,2014(1), 1-23. McPeck, J. E. (2016).Critical thinking and education. Routledge. Moore, T. (2013). Critical thinking: Seven definitions in search of a concept.Studies in Higher Education,38(4), 506-522.